动物百科
藏马，西藏地区特殊马种
藏马体型与其他品种有别。体质结实、干燥，性情温驯，结构匀称。头较小，多直头。颈肩结合良好。髫甲明显。胸宽，肋拱圆，心、肺发达，红细胞数和血红蛋白均高于平原地区的马，后躯发达，背宽广，腰尻宽。四肢干燥有力，距毛不多，蹄质坚实，后肢管部有生长毛者。
全身长毛稀疏中等，毛色以骝毛较多，青毛较少，但青毛马一直受藏族的喜爱。冬春季长毛比西南马厚且密生。个别马唇部有白斑，部分马有白章。藏马体尺多大于西南马，呈兼用体型。
西藏马，高原小型马品种。简称藏马。耐粗饲，抗病力强，持久力好，能在海拔3500~4000米以至5000米高原作业。在山地骑乘和驮载，步伐敏捷稳健，是藏族主要交通工具之一。体质结实，结构紧凑。头中等长，鼻孔大、劲略细。鬐甲较低，前胸宽，胸廓发达。尻稍斜。四肢有力、蹄质坚实，毛色复杂，以骝、栗、青色较多。
体尺因产地不同而相差较大。藏北所产的体格较大，藏南的较小。母马平均体尺（厘米）：体高120.1，体长128.9，胸围143.2 ，管围15.4。耐粗饲，抗病力强，持久力好，能在海拔3500～4000米以至5000米高原作业。在山地骑乘和驮载，步伐敏捷稳健，是藏族主要交通工具之一。用河曲马改良西藏马曾取得较好效果。
值得一提的是今年起，农业农村部开始第三次畜禽遗传资源普查，西藏马都将登记在册，录入国家系统。作为中国29个地方品种马匹之一，在西藏生活了多年的马匹从此有了新的身份，得到了更加全面的保护和认可，也为西藏自治区的马产业发展提供力量。
在文化遗产得到有效保护传承的同时，当地的风俗习惯也得到充分尊重。藏历新年、拉萨雪顿节、那曲赛马节等一大批群众性文化传统节庆得到继承和创新。6月10日，国务院批准文化和旅游部确定的第五批国家级非物质文化遗产代表项目名录（共计185项）和国家级非物质文化遗产代表性项目名录扩展项目名录（共计140项）。在第五批国家级非遗名录上，由西藏自治区那曲市申报的赛马会（恰青赛马会）被列入到传统体育、游艺与杂技一栏中，这一古老而又享有盛誉的的民族传统赛马节而也成功进入到国家级非遗的大家庭中，进一步丰富了赛马运动的内涵，也让大家更好地了解和传承这些优秀多元的传统文化。
可以说西藏的赛马运动，正得到越来越多的关注，未来也一定会发展得更为出色，继续展现自己的独特魅力。
Tibetan horses are different in size from other breeds. Strong and dry physique, gentle temperament and symmetrical structure. The head is small and straight. Good neck shoulder combination. The nail is obvious. The chest is wide, the rib arch is round, the heart and lungs are developed, the number of red blood cells and hemoglobin are higher than those of horses in plain areas, the hindquarters are developed, the back is broad, and the waist is wide. The limbs are dry and powerful, the distance hair is not much, the hoof is solid, and there is growth hair in the tube of the hind limbs.
The whole body has long, sparse and medium hair. The hair color is more monkey hair and less green hair, but the green hair horse has always been loved by Tibetans. The long hair in winter and spring is thicker and denser than that of Southwest horse. Some horses have white spots on their lips and some have white seals. The body size of Tibetan horses is mostly larger than that of Southwest horses, which is a dual-purpose body shape.
Tibetan horse, plateau small horse variety. Tibetan horse for short. It is resistant to rough feeding, has strong disease resistance and good endurance, and can work on the plateau at an altitude of 3500 ~ 4000 meters or even 5000 meters. Riding and carrying in the mountains, the pace is agile and steady. It is one of the main means of transportation for Tibetans. Strong physique and compact structure. The head is of equal length, the nostrils are large and the strength is slightly thin. The nail is low, the front chest is wide and the thorax is developed. The rump is slightly oblique. The limbs are strong, the hooves are solid, and the hair color is complex, with more monkeys, chestnuts and Cyans.
The body size varies greatly due to different places of origin. Those produced in northern Tibet are larger and those in southern Tibet are smaller. Average body size of mare (CM): 120.1 body height, 128.9 body length, 143.2 chest circumference and 15.4 tube circumference. It is resistant to rough feeding, has strong disease resistance and good endurance, and can work on the plateau from 3500 ~ 4000 meters to 5000 meters above sea level. Riding and carrying in the mountains, the pace is agile and steady. It is one of the main means of transportation for Tibetans. Using hequma to improve Tibetan horses has achieved good results.
It is worth mentioning that since this year, the Ministry of agriculture and rural areas has started the third general survey of livestock and poultry genetic resources, and Tibet’s horses will be registered and entered into the national system. As one of the 29 Local Breeds of horses in China, the horses that have lived in Tibet for many years have gained a new identity, received more comprehensive protection and recognition, and also provided strength for the development of the horse industry in the Tibet Autonomous Region.
While cultural heritage is effectively protected and inherited, local customs and habits are fully respected. A large number of mass cultural and traditional festivals such as Tibetan new year, Lhasa Sheraton Festival and Naqu horse racing festival have been inherited and innovated. On June 10, the State Council approved the list of the fifth batch of national intangible cultural heritage representative projects (185 in total) and the expanded list of national intangible cultural heritage representative projects (140 in total) determined by the Ministry of culture and tourism. In the fifth batch of national intangible cultural heritage list, the horse racing club (qiaqing Horse Racing Club) declared by Naqu City, Tibet Autonomous Region has been included in the column of traditional sports, entertainment and acrobatics. This ancient and prestigious national traditional horse racing festival has also successfully entered the big family of national intangible cultural heritage, which further enriches the connotation of horse racing and enables everyone to better understand and inherit these excellent and diverse traditional cultures.
It can be said that the horse racing in Tibet is getting more and more attention, and will certainly develop better in the future and continue to show its unique charm.